Important Amendments of Indian Constitution (42nd, 44th, 73rd, 86th, 101st)
भारतीय संविधान के प्रमुख संशोधन (42वाँ, 44वाँ, 73वाँ, 86वाँ, 101वाँ)
Article 368 in Part XX empowers Parliament to amend the Constitution. Several landmark amendments have fundamentally shaped India's legal architecture, from fundamental rights to local governance and GST.
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Mnemonic Memory Hack & Story Trick:
💡 Mnemonic Trick: '42 = Mini Preamble Additions (4+2=6 letters in CHANGE), 44 = Restored Freedom (4-4=0 Property in Rights), 86 = Education at Six (8-6=2 -> Art 21A), 101 = One Nation One Tax (GST Shagun of 101!)'
Story: Imagine giving 101 rupees Shagun for GST, putting 6-14 kids in school at 86, and deleting Property at 44!
💡 याद रखने की मज़ेदार ट्रिक: '42 में जुड़ा समाजवाद (मिनी संविधान), 44 में हटी संपत्ति, 86 में मिली मुफ्त शिक्षा, और 101 का शगुन लेकर आया GST!'
⚠️ Exam Trap: Preamble has been amended ONLY ONCE till date (by 42nd Amendment 1976). Fundamental Duties were recommended by Swaran Singh Committee.
đ High-Yield Exam Facts:
- âĻ 42nd Amendment (1976): Known as 'Mini-Constitution'. Added Socialist, Secular, Integrity to Preamble; added Fundamental Duties (Part IV-A).
- âĻ 44th Amendment (1978): Removed Right to Property from Fundamental Rights (now legal right in Art 300A); restored emergency safeguards.
- âĻ 73rd & 74th Amendments (1992): Gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj (Part IX, Schedule 11) and Municipalities (Part IX-A, Schedule 12).
- + View all 5 key facts & notes â
⥠Test Your Recall
Instant Check
Which Constitutional Amendment Act made the Right to Education a Fundamental Right under Article 21A?
The 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002 inserted Article 21A, providing free and compulsory education for all children between the ages of 6 and 14 as a Fundamental Right.
đ Constitution of India, NCERT
Full Notes & Mnemonics â