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Accurate, permanent facts across Indian History, Geography, Polity, Science, and Art & Culture — powered by clever memory formulas and instant recall quizzes for SSC CGL, Railways, and UPSC.

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Active Filters: Subject: indian polity & constitution Found 26 card(s)

Important Amendments of Indian Constitution (42nd, 44th, 73rd, 86th, 101st)

भारतीय संविधान के प्रमुख संशोधन (42वाँ, 44वाँ, 73वाँ, 86वाँ, 101वाँ)

Article 368 in Part XX empowers Parliament to amend the Constitution. Several landmark amendments have fundamentally shaped India's legal architecture, from fundamental rights to local governance and GST.

💡 Mnemonic Memory Hack & Story Trick:
💡 Mnemonic Trick: '42 = Mini Preamble Additions (4+2=6 letters in CHANGE), 44 = Restored Freedom (4-4=0 Property in Rights), 86 = Education at Six (8-6=2 -> Art 21A), 101 = One Nation One Tax (GST Shagun of 101!)' Story: Imagine giving 101 rupees Shagun for GST, putting 6-14 kids in school at 86, and deleting Property at 44!
💡 याद रखने की मज़ेदार ट्रिक: '42 में जुड़ा समाजवाद (मिनी संविधान), 44 में हटी संपत्ति, 86 में मिली मुफ्त शिक्षा, और 101 का शगुन लेकर आया GST!'
⚠️ Exam Trap: Preamble has been amended ONLY ONCE till date (by 42nd Amendment 1976). Fundamental Duties were recommended by Swaran Singh Committee.
📌 High-Yield Exam Facts:
  • âœĻ 42nd Amendment (1976): Known as 'Mini-Constitution'. Added Socialist, Secular, Integrity to Preamble; added Fundamental Duties (Part IV-A).
  • âœĻ 44th Amendment (1978): Removed Right to Property from Fundamental Rights (now legal right in Art 300A); restored emergency safeguards.
  • âœĻ 73rd & 74th Amendments (1992): Gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj (Part IX, Schedule 11) and Municipalities (Part IX-A, Schedule 12).
  • + View all 5 key facts & notes →
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Which Constitutional Amendment Act made the Right to Education a Fundamental Right under Article 21A?

The 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002 inserted Article 21A, providing free and compulsory education for all children between the ages of 6 and 14 as a Fundamental Right.

Fundamental Rights of Indian Constitution (Articles 12 to 35)

भारतीय संविधान के मौलिक अधिकार (अनुच्छेद 12 से 35)

Part III of the Constitution (Articles 12 to 35) is rightfully described as the Magna Carta of India. Originally containing 7 fundamental rights, the Right to Property (Article 31) was deleted by the 44th Amendment Act (1978) and made a legal right under Article 300A, leaving 6 Fundamental Rights today.

💡 Mnemonic Memory Hack & Story Trick:
💡 Mnemonic Trick: 'E-F-E-R-C-R' (Eat Fresh Eggs Regularly, Cultivate Remedies!) 14-18: Equality (E) 19-22: Freedom (F) 23-24: Exploitation (E) 25-28: Religion (R) 29-30: Culture (C) 32: Remedies (R) Articles count formula: 5 - 4 - 2 - 4 - 2 - 1 (Easy rhythm: 54, 24, 21)!
💡 याद रखने का जादुई फॉर्मूला: 'समस्त शोध संस्कृति के उपचार के लिए होते हैं!' सम = समानता (14-18) स्त = स्वतंत्रता (19-22) शो = शोषण के विरुद्ध (23-24) ध = धार्मिक स्वतंत्रता (25-28) संस्कृति = संस्कृति व शिक्षा (29-30) उपचार = संवैधानिक उपचार (32) अनुच्छेदों की संख्या ट्रिक: 5, 4, 2, 4, 2, 1!
⚠️ Exam Trap: Right to Property was removed by 44th Amendment 1978 (NOT 42nd Amendment). Also remember: Article 20 & Article 21 CANNOT be suspended even during a National Emergency under Article 359!
📌 High-Yield Exam Facts:
  • âœĻ 1. Right to Equality: Articles 14 to 18 (Art 14: Equality before law, Art 17: Abolition of Untouchability, Art 18: Abolition of Titles)
  • âœĻ 2. Right to Freedom: Articles 19 to 22 (Art 19: 6 freedoms, Art 21: Right to Life & Personal Liberty, Art 21A: Right to Education)
  • âœĻ 3. Right against Exploitation: Articles 23 & 24 (Art 23: Prohibition of human trafficking, Art 24: Prohibition of child labour in factories)
  • + View all 6 key facts & notes →
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Which Article of the Indian Constitution was termed as the 'Heart and Soul of the Constitution' by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar?

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar described Article 32 (Right to Constitutional Remedies) as the fundamental basis without which the constitution would be a nullity, calling it the 'heart and soul' of the Constitution.
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